The pneumatic column drilling rig is specially designed for tunnels with high concentration and difficulty in using power underground. The machine is equipped with a cylinder for top tightening, with forward and reverse rotation, and is driven by an air motor to feed and retreat the rack, greatly reducing the labor intensity of workers. The drilling rig is mainly used for drilling work such as water exploration, drainage holes, releasing ground pressure, geological data holes, and can be equipped with various drilling tools to solve different drilling requirements.